0-3 months

  • Produces different types of cries
  • Responds to voice
  • Eyes follow movement
  • Coos in response to a pleasant voice
  • Turns head towards the source of sound
  • Appears to recognize words 
  • Makes pleasure sounds
  • Produces vowel type sounds

3-6 months

  • Recognizes changes in your tone
  • Babbles using more vowel sounds and some consonants (p,b,m)
  • Laughs
  • Smiles upon seeing you
  • Appears to recognize words like “daddy”
  • Responds to name
  • Notices toys that make a sound  and music
  • Yells and squeals with some pitch changes

7-12 months

  • Shows interest in sounds of objects
  • Begins to put some sounds together (dada, bebe, tata)
  • Vocal play is more frequent
  • Understands name of some common objects (ball, bottle, etc.)
  • Appears to understand some simple questions “Where’s the ball?”
  • May sing along with music and has probably learned to play “peek-a-boo”
  • Tries to imitate new words and usually says first words
  • May wave “bye-bye”
  • Communicates with hand gestures (lifts arms to be picked up)

13-18 months

  • Understands new words each week
  • Can point to pictures in a book when asked (“Where’s the ball?”)
  • Identifies a few body parts
  • Identifies some common objects
  • Non-repetitive babbling begins (Ba-ge-de, do-go-da-di)
  • Uses between 3-20 words

By 18 months repeats, typically tries to communicate using real words not just gestures; may begin linking words together such as “Mommy…..cookie!”

19-24 months

  • Recognizes common objects and pictures when named
  • Understands possession ("Where’s mama’s shoe?”)
  • Follows simple directions
  • Uses simple two-word phrases (“Bye-bye daddy”)
  • Requests toys, rejects, and makes simple requests
  • Asks for objects by name
  • Listens to short stories
  • Follows 2-step commands
  • Takes turns during verbal interactions

3 years

  • Listens to simple stories
  • Follows a two-part direction
  • Understands turn-taking
  • Speech is usually 90-100% intelligible
  • Average sentence length of 4-5 ½ words
  • Asks “Why” stage
  • Uses what, why, where, how, etc.
  • Can carry on long conversations
  • Vocabulary 800-1700 words

4 years

  • Can say the following sounds correctly (b,d,f,g,h,k,m,n,p,t,y)
  • Can be understood by family members and non-family
  • Vocabulary of approximately 1,500-2,300 words
  • Knows basic colors
  • Replies to simple questions (ie: “Is a cat an animal?”)

5 years- 6 years

  • Articulation is intelligible
  • Average sentence length of 5 to 6 words
  • All phonological processes should stop
  • (6 years) Correctly produce the following sounds (l,j,v,ch,sh)
  • Vocabulary of approximately 2,000-3,000 words

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